Hallo,
der Fehler geht weg, wenn Du classicthesis mit der Option pdfspacing vor arsclassica lädst (Zeile 47):
\usepackage[pdfspacing]{classicthesis}
Zu Testen:
%\documentclass[10pt,a5paper]{book}
%\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrbook}
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{book}
%\documentclass[paper=34.29cm:22.86cm,pagesize=auto,12pt,index=totoc, bibliography=totoc]{scrbook}
\PassOptionsToPackage{usenames,dvipsnames}{xcolor} % xcolor is loaded by hyperref
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{amsfonts, amsmath, amssymb, latexsym, amscd}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage[ansinew]{inputenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage{enumerate,theorem}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{epic}
\usepackage{ulem}
\usepackage{longtable, lscape}
\usepackage[tableposition=b]{caption}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\usepackage{eurosym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\usepackage[final]{pdfpages} %pdf-dateien einbinden
\usepackage[refpage, german]{nomencl} %für Symbolverzeichnis
\usepackage{exscale}
\usepackage{relsize}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage[bottom]{footmisc} %Fußnoten immer unten an der Seite
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,snakes}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage[framemethod=tikz]{mdframed}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\usepackage[pdfspacing]{classicthesis}
\usepackage{arsclassica}
\usepackage[OT1]{eulervm}
\usepackage{titlesec, blindtext}%, color}
\definecolor{RoyalBlue}{rgb}{0.0, 0.0, 0.0}
\counterwithout{footnote}{chapter}
%\usepackage{tocloft}
\definecolor{gray75}{gray}{0.75}
\newcommand{\hsp}{\hspace{20pt}}
\pagestyle{scrheadings}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-0.5cm}
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{-0.5cm}
%\setlength{\headwidth}{14.7cm}
\setlength{\headheight}{14.5pt}
\setlength{\textwidth}{16.5cm}%{15.65cm}
%\setlength{\paperwidth}{21cm}
%\setlength{\paperheight}{29.7cm}
\setlength{\topmargin}{-1.5cm}
\setlength{\textheight}{25cm}
\setlength{\parskip}{6pt}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
%\setlength{\ULdepth}{1.5pt}
%\spacing{1.1}
\unitlength1cm
\renewcommand*\MakeUppercase[1]{#1}
\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\bullet$}
\renewcommand{\labelitemii}{$\circ$}
\renewcommand{\labelitemiii}{$\diamond$}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{\textcolor{black}{\chaptername\ \thechapter\ #1}}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\textcolor{black}{\thesection\ #1}}{}}
\newcommand{\tab}{\hspace*{5ex}}
\newtheorem{paraVAG}{§}%{Paragraph}
\newtheorem{paraVersVG}{§}%{Paragraph}
\newtheorem{paraGBVVU}{§}%{Paragraph}
\newtheorem{paraGBVKVU}{§}%{Paragraph}
\newtheorem{paraHZVO}{§}%{Paragraph}
\newtheorem{definition}{Defintion}
\newcommand{\erw}{\mathbb{E}}
\newcommand{\da}{\ddot{a}}
\newcommand{\ccdot}{\!\cdot\!}
\newcommand{\nospace}{\begin{itemize}[itemsep=0pt]}
\let\symb\nomenclature
\renewcommand{\nomname}{Symbolverzeichnis}
\renewcommand{\pagedeclaration}[1]{, \hyperpage{#1}}
\setlength{\nomitemsep}{-2pt}
\makenomenclature
\let\nomenclatureorig\nomenclature
\renewcommand*\nomenclature[3][\empty]{%
\ifx#1\empty
\nomenclatureorig[#3]{#2}{#3}%
\else
\nomenclatureorig[#1#3]{#2}{#3}%
\fi
}
\allowdisplaybreaks
\renewcommand{\Huge}{\fontsize{25}{25}\selectfont}
\renewcommand{\huge}{\fontsize{25}{25}\selectfont}
\renewcommand{\LARGE}{\fontsize{22}{22.5}\selectfont}
\renewcommand{\Large}{\fontsize{20.74}{20.0}\selectfont}
\renewcommand{\large}{\fontsize{17.28}{18.0}\selectfont} %{16 gibt's nicht}
\renewcommand{\normalsize}{\fontsize{14}{16.0}\selectfont}
\renewcommand{\small}{\fontsize{12}{14.5}\selectfont} %{13 gibt's nicht}
\renewcommand{\footnotesize}{\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont}
\renewcommand{\scriptsize}{\fontsize{9}{11}\selectfont}
\DeclareMathSizes{14}{14}{9}{8}
\raggedbottom %kein Ausgleich des unteren Seitenrandes durch Dehnung der Absatzabstände
\makeatletter %auf leeren Seiten die Kopfzeile löschen
\def\cleardoublepage{\clearpage\if@twoside \ifodd\c@page\else\hbox{}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\newpage
\if@twocolumn\hbox{}\newpage\fi\fi\fi}
\makeatother
\mathcode`,="013B
\newcommand{\defem}[1]{{#1}}
\newcommand{\expl}{\mathrm{e}}
\newcounter{theorem}
\setcounter{theorem}{0}
\renewcommand\thetheorem{\arabic{theorem}}
\makeatletter
\mdf@dolist{\mdf@do@stringoption}{%
{theoremtitle=={}}%
}
\renewrobustcmd\mdfcreateextratikz{%
\node[anchor=west,rounded corners,draw,thick,shading=axis,left color=gray!20,xshift=0.5cm,minimum height=.7cm,minimum width=2cm] at (P-|O)
{~\mdf@frametitlefont{Beispiel~\thetheorem}%
\ifdefempty{\mdf@theoremtitle}%
{~}%
{~\mdf@theoremtitle~}%
};
}
\makeatother
\mdfdefinestyle{theoremstyle}{%
outerlinewidth=1pt,
innerlinewidth=0pt,
roundcorner=5pt,
linecolor=black,
shadow=false,
splittopskip=1cm, % THIS IS THE REQUIRED OPTION FOR SPACE ABOVE THE SPLIT ON THE SECOND PAGE
splitbottomskip=1cm, % THIS IS THE REQUIRED OPTION FOR SPACE BELOW THE SPLIT ON THE FIRST PAGE
%tikzsetting={shading=axis,top color=gray!10},
innertopmargin=1.2\baselineskip,
%%%skipabove={\dimexpr0.5\baselineskip+\topskip\relax},
%%%needspace=3\baselineskip,
frametitlefont=\sffamily\bfseries,
settings={\global\refstepcounter{theorem}},
}
\newenvironment{bsp}[1][]
{\begin{mdframed}[style=theoremstyle,theoremtitle={#1}]
\relax}{
\end{mdframed}
}
\definecolor{green}{rgb}{0.0, 0.0, 0.0}
\DeclareFixedFont{\sectionfont}{T1}{ppl}{m}{sc}{11}
\renewcommand{\cftsecfont}{\sectionfont}
\renewcommand{\cftsecpresnum}{\sectionfont}
\renewcommand{\cftsecpagefont}{\sectionfont}
\DeclareFixedFont{\subsectionfont}{T1}{ppl}{m}{sc}{10}
\renewcommand{\cftsubsecfont}{\subsectionfont}
\renewcommand{\cftsubsecpresnum}{\subsectionfont}
\renewcommand{\cftsubsecpagefont}{\subsectionfont}
\makeindex
\begin{document}
%{\includegraphics{Grafiken/cover.pdf}}
\pagenumbering{roman}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\cleardoublepage
%\input{vorwort}
\tableofcontents\vspace*{-5ex}
\cleardoublepage
%\input{inhalt_-Teil2} %***
\pagenumbering{arabic}
\chapter{Kapitalmarktprodukte}
\section{Einleitung und Definitionen}
In diesem Abschnitt
%\input{anhang1} %***
%\input{literatur} %***
%************************************************
\cleardoublepage %***
\phantomsection
%\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Tabellenverzeichnis}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\tocEntry{Tabellenverzeichnis}}
{\small \listoftables}
\cleardoublepage %***
\phantomsection
%\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Abbildungsverzeichnis}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\tocEntry{Abbildungsverzeichnis}}
{\small \listoffigures}
\cleardoublepage %***
%\phantomsection
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{{Index}}
%\addchap{Index}
{\small \printindex}
\end{document}
Klicke auf "LaTeX-Ausgabe", dann siehst Du, dass es funktioniert. Der Code ist editierbar - wenn man die Zeile rauswirft (oder die Option), dann kommt die von Dir genannte Fehlermeldung wieder.
Stefan