Zweiter Versuch
\documentclass[
paper=A4,
11pt,
headings=big,
listof=leveldown,
listof=numbered,
numbers=noenddot,
bibliography=totoc
]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[
  backend = biber,    
  style = authoryear,  
  giveninits = true,    
  uniquename = init,    
  dashed = false,    
%  sorting = nyt,% das ist die Voreinstellung bei style=authoryear
%  doi = true,% ebenfalls Standard
  url = false,  
  isbn = false,      
  eprint = false  
  ]{biblatex}
% "&" statt "und" verwenden
% geht nun etwas einfacher
\DeclareDelimFormat{finalnamedelim}{\addspace\&\space}
% mit dieser Einstellung werden alle "und"s in Namenlisten zu "&"
% ist das anders geplant, kann das über das optionale Argument gesteuert werden.
% nur für \parencite: \DeclareDelimFormat[parencite]{finalnamedelim}{\addspace\&\space}
%nur für Verzeichnis: \DeclareDelimFormat[bib,biblist]{finalnamedelim}{\addspace\&\space}
% Bei Parencite ein "," zwischen Names und Year
% s.o. eventuell auch nur \DeclareDelimFormat{nameyeardelim}{\addcomma\space}
% je nach dem, was für \cite gewüscht ist.
\DeclareDelimFormat{nameyeardelim}{\addcomma\space}
% sorgt für den Punkt hinter dem Autorennamen im Verzeichnis
\DeclareDelimFormat[bib,biblist]{nameyeardelim}{\addperiod\space}
\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{family-given}
\DeclareNameAlias{editor}{given-family}
%\DeclareFieldFormat[article]{title}{#1\isdot}
%\DeclareFieldFormat[incollection]{title}{#1\isdot}
% Wirklich alle " in Titeln werden wie folgt unterdrückt
\DeclareFieldFormat
  [article,inbook,incollection,inproceedings,patent,thesis,unpublished]
  {title}{#1\isdot}
\DeclareFieldFormat[article]{pages}{#1}
% Klammern um Edition
\DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{%
  \mkbibparens{%
    \ifinteger{#1}
      {\mkbibordedition{#1}~\bibstring{edition}}
      {#1\isdot}}}
% korrigiert die Zeichensetzung vor edition
\usepackage{xpatch}
\def\do#1{%
  \xpatchbibdriver{#1}
    {\newunit\newblock\printfield{edition}}
    {\setunit{\addspace}\newblock\printfield{edition}}
    {}
    {\typeout{failed to patch edition in #1}}%
  \xpatchbibdriver{#1}
    {\newunit\newblock\printfield{note}}
    {\setunit{\addspace}\newblock\printfield{note}}
    {}
    {\typeout{failed to patch note in #1}}}
\docsvlist{book,inbook,collection,incollection,manual}
% Eckige Klammern um note
\DeclareFieldFormat[book]{note}{\mkbibbrackets{#1}}
\renewbibmacro{in:}{%
   \ifentrytype{article}{}{\printtext{\bibstring{in}\intitlepunct}}}
\renewcommand*{\intitlepunct}{\addspace}
\renewbibmacro*{journal+issuetitle}{%
  \usebibmacro{journal}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%<--da
  \iffieldundef{series}
    {}
    {\newunit
     \printfield{series}%
     \setunit{\addspace}}%
  \usebibmacro{volume+number+eid}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{issue+date}%
  \setunit{\addcolon\space}%
  \usebibmacro{issue}%
  \newunit}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{ngerman}{andothers={et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{incollection}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \newunit
  \printlist{language}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{in:}%
  \usebibmacro{in:editor+others}% NEU
  \setunit{\addcomma\space}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{byeditor+others}% NEU
  \newunit\newblock % NEU
  \printfield{edition}%
  \newunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{series+number}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{in:chapter+pages}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
    {\printfield{isbn}}
    {}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
  \setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{editortype}{\mkbibparens{#1}}
\DeclareDelimFormat{editortypedelim}{\addspace}
\newbibmacro*{in:editor+others}{%
  \ifnameundef{editor}
    {}
    {\printnames{editor}%
     \setunit{\printdelim{editortypedelim}}%
     \usebibmacro{editor+othersstrg}%
     \clearname{editor}}}
\newbibmacro*{in:chapter+pages}{%
  \ifboolexpr{not test {\iffieldundef{chapter}} or not test {\iffieldundef{pages}}}
    {\printtext[parens]{%
       \printfield{chapter}%
       \setunit{\bibpagespunct}%
       \printfield{pages}}}
     {}%
  \newunit}
\DeclareSourcemap{
  \maps[datatype=bibtex]{
    \map{
      \step[typesource=techreport, typetarget=report, final]
    }
  }
}
\addbibresource{LitDaten.bib}
\usepackage{filecontents}  
\begin{filecontents}{LitDaten.bib}
@report{Bundesamt2016,
  abstract    = {S. 25 Bildungsabschlüsse Ausländer},
  address     = {Wiesbaden},
  author      = {{Statistisches Bundesamt}},
  institution = {Statistisches Bundesamt},
  keywords    = {Abschluss,Schulart,Schulbesuch,Staatsangehörigkeit},
  title       = {Bildungsstand der Bevölkerung},
  date        = {2016-11},% date ist besser als year und month
  url         = {https://www.destatis.de/GPStatistik/receive/DEHeft_heft_00057188},
}
@book{unireader,
  address     = {London},
  author      = {Anne Elk},
  institution = {University of Monthy},
  title       = {University Reader},
  note  = {Reader},
  isbn        = {978-1-56619-909-4},
  date        = {2016},
  edition     = {2},
  url         = {https://www.example.edu/~elk/reader.pdf},
}
@book{unireaderze,
  address     = {London},
  author      = {Anne Elk},
  institution = {University of Monthy},
  title       = {University Reader},
  note  = {Reader},
  isbn        = {978-1-56619-909-4},
  date        = {2016},
  url         = {https://www.example.edu/~elk/reader.pdf},
}
@book{unireaderzn,
  address     = {London},
  author      = {Anne Elk},
  institution = {University of Monthy},
  title       = {University Reader},
  edition     = {2},
  isbn        = {978-1-56619-909-4},
  date        = {2016},
  url         = {https://www.example.edu/~elk/reader.pdf},
}
@book{unireaderzen,
  address     = {London},
  author      = {Anne Elk},
  institution = {University of Monthy},
  title       = {University Reader},
  isbn        = {978-1-56619-909-4},
  date        = {2016},
  url         = {https://www.example.edu/~elk/reader.pdf},
}
@book{Martin2006,
address = {Weinheim},
author = {Martin, Ernst and Wawrinowski, Uwe},
isbn = {978-3779907442},
publisher = {Beltz Juventa},
title = {{Beobachtungslehre: Theorie und Praxis reflektierter Beobachtung und Beurteilung}},
year = {2006}
}
@book{Brentano2013,
address = {Hamburg},
author = {Brentano, Franz},
isbn = {978-3787300136},
publisher = {Felix Meiner},
title = {{Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt}},
year = {2013},
edition = {3}
}
@techreport{padhye:copy,
  author       = {Padhye, Jitendra and Firoiu, Victor and Towsley, Don},
  title        = {A Stochastic Model of {TCP Reno} Congestion Avoidance and
                  Control},
  institution  = {University of Massachusetts},
  date         = 1999,
  number       = {99-02},
  location     = {Amherst, Mass.},
}
\end{filecontents}
   
   
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[babel,german=quotes]{csquotes}
\usepackage{hyperref}
% im Allgemeinen sollte hyperref als letztes Paket geladen werden
% wie immer gibt es Ausnahmen, aber bei Dir war es eindeutig zu früh
\begin{document}
  \parencite{Bundesamt2016,unireader,unireaderze,unireaderzn,unireaderzen,padhye:copy,Martin2006,Brentano2013}
  \printbibliography[title=Literaturverzeichnis]
\end{document}