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\documentclass[ngerman]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{babel}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) rectangle (1,1);
\draw (1,0) rectangle (4,1) node[pos=.5] {Symbole \(-1\)};
\draw (4,0) rectangle (5,1);
\draw[fill=gray] (5,0) rectangle (6,1);
\draw[fill=gray] (6,0) rectangle (9,1) node[pos=.5] {Symbol \(0\)};
\draw[fill=gray] (9,0) rectangle (10,1);
\draw (10,0) rectangle (11,1);
\draw (11,0) rectangle (14,1) node[pos=.5] {Symbol \(1\)};
\draw (14,0) rectangle (15,1);
\draw[->] (15,0) -- (16,0) node[below] {\(t\)};
\draw[->] (5,-4)  -- (5,-2) node[left] {\(\left|h_{a}(t)\right|\)};
\draw[->] (5,-4) -- (8,-4) node[below] {\(t\)};
\draw[->] (10,-4)  -- (10,-2) node[right] {\(\left|h_{a}(t-T_{S})\right|\)};
\draw[->] (10,-4) -- (13,-4) node[below] {\(t\)};
\draw[fill=gray] (5,-8) .. controls (5.25,-7)  .. (7,-7) -- (10,-7) arc(0:90:-1) -- cycle; 
\draw[fill=gray] (5,-2.5) arc(0:90:-1.5) -| cycle;
\draw[fill=gray] (10,-2.5) arc(0:90:-1.5) -| cycle;
\draw (0,-6) .. controls (0.25,-5)  .. (1,-5) -- (5,-5) arc(0:90:-1) -- cycle; 
\draw (10,-10) .. controls (10.25,-9)  .. (11,-9) -- (15,-9) arc(0:90:-1) -- cycle; 
\node[rectangle,align=center](A) at (12,-5) {Ausschwingphase};
\draw[->] (A) -- (5.5,-5.5);
\draw[->] (A) -- (10.5,-7.5);
\draw[->] (A) -- (15.5,-9.5);
\draw[<->] (6,-11) -- (10,-11) node[midway,below] {Empfangsfilterlänge};
\draw[<-,bend left] (.5,1.25) to (4.5,1.25);
\draw[<-,bend left] (5.5,1.25) to (9.5,1.25);
\node[anchor=south] at (7.5,1.75) {gesendete Symbole};
\draw[<-,bend left] (10.5,1.25) to (14.5,1.25);
\node[rectangle,align=center,text width=3cm](ICI) at (2.5,-6.5) {empfangene Symbole};
\node[rectangle,align=center](ICI) at (2.5,-9) {Einschwingphase (ICI)};
\draw[->] (ICI) -- (4.75,-7.5);
\draw[->] (ICI) -- (9.75,-9.5);
\draw[dashed,thin] (5,-.75) node[above] {\(-T_G\)} -- (5,-12);
\draw[dashed,thin] (6,-.75) node[above] {\(0\)} -- (6,-12);
\draw[dashed,thin] (10,-.75) node[above] {\(T_S\)} -- (10,-12);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\documentclass[tikz, border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}% bei einer aktuellen TeX-Distribution verzichtbar

\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=Stealth]
\draw 
	(0,1) rectangle node {Symbole $-1$} (5,0) coordinate (tg)% Knoten verschoben
	(1,0) -- (1,1)
	(4,0) -- (4,1)
;
\draw[fill=gray] (5,0) rectangle node {Symbol $0$} (10,1);% Knoten verschoben
\draw
	(6,1) -- (6,0) 
		coordinate [yshift=-.75cm] (zero up) 
		coordinate [yshift=-12cm] (zero down)
	(9,1) -- (9,0)
	(10,0) coordinate (ts) rectangle node {Symbol $1$} (15,1)% Knoten verschoben
	(11,0) -- (11,1)
	(14,0) -- (14,1)
;
\draw[->] (15,0) -- (16,0) node[below] {$t$};
\draw[->] (5,-4) -- (5,-2) node[left] {$\left|h_{a}(t)\right|$};
\draw[->] (5,-4) -- (8,-4) node[below] {$t$};
\draw[->] (10,-4) -- (10,-2) node[right] {$\left|h_{a}(t-T_{S})\right|$};
\draw[->] (10,-4) -- (13,-4) node[below] {$t$};
\draw[fill=gray]
	(5,-8) .. controls (5.25,-7)  .. (7,-7) -- (10,-7) arc(0:90:-1) -- cycle
	(5,-2.5) arc(0:90:-1.5) -| cycle
	(10,-2.5) arc(0:90:-1.5) -| cycle
;
\draw 
	(0,-6) .. controls (0.25,-5)  .. (1,-5) -- (5,-5) arc(0:90:-1) -- cycle
	(10,-10) .. controls (10.25,-9)  .. (11,-9) -- (15,-9) arc(0:90:-1) -- cycle
;
\node (A) at (12,-5) {Ausschwingphase};% Optionen entfernt
\draw[->]
	(A) edge (5.5,-5.5)
	(A) edge (10.5,-7.5)
	(A) edge (15.5,-9.5)
;
\draw[<-,bend left] (.5,1.25) to (4.5,1.25);
\draw[<-] (5.5,1.25) to [bend left] node [above] {gesendete Symbole} (9.5,1.25);% Knoten hinzugefügt
\draw[<-,bend left] (10.5,1.25) to (14.5,1.25);
\node[align=center](ICI) at (2.5,-6.5) {empfangene\\Symbole};% Optionen entfernt
\node (ICI) at (2.5,-9) {Einschwingphase (ICI)};% Optionen entfernt
\draw[->]
	(ICI) edge (4.75,-7.5)
	(ICI) edge (9.75,-9.5)
;
\draw[
	dashed, 
	thin, 
	nodes={
		above,
		% Quelle: https://golatex.de/viewtopic,p,89908.html#89908
		text height=\ht\strutbox, 
		text depth=\dp\strutbox
	}
]% Optionen zusammengefasst
	(zero up) node {$0$} -- (zero down)
		% Berechnung der Mitte zwischen 
		% der Grundlinie des untersten Graphen und 
		% dem Ende der gestrichelten senkrechten Linie.
		coordinate [pos=1-((12-10)/(12-0.75))/2] (receive filter length)
	(tg|-zero up) node {$-T_G$} -- (tg|-zero down)
	(ts|-zero up) node {$T_S$}  -- (ts|-zero down)
;
\draw[<->]
	(receive filter length) --
		node [below] {Empfangsfilterlänge}% Knoten verschoben
	(receive filter length-|ts)
;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}