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\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel} % \figurename: "Figure" ---> "Abbildung"
% Subcaptions 1/2: 
\usepackage[labelformat=simple]{subcaption}
\captionsetup[subfigure]{aboveskip=2pt}
\captionsetup[figure]{aboveskip=1.25\baselineskip}% 
\renewcommand\thesubfigure{\figurename\,\thefigure\alph{subfigure}.\,}

\usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}
% Boxes:
\definecolor{myblue}{HTML}{4473C5} % https://html-color-codes.info/
\tcbset{
Common/.style={
enhanced, % allows TikZ etc. 
sharp corners, 
boxrule=0.5mm, % for better seeing
colback=myblue, 
},
}

% Subcaptions 2/2:
\tikzset{
SubCaptionStyle/.style={
anchor=north, text width=\linewidth, draw=none, inner sep=0pt
},}

\newcommand\mysubfig[3][]{%
\tcbitem[finish={
\node[SubCaptionStyle] at (frame.south){\subcaption{#2}};   }, 
#1
] #3}

\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\vbox{\hbox{%===== because of main caption ======
\begin{tcbitemize}[
raster columns=2,
raster row skip=1.75\baselineskip, % depends on the subcaption's text!
raster height=14cm, % Because no contents here
raster equal height=rows,
raster every box/.style={Common}
]
\tcbitem[raster multicolumn=1,raster multirow=2, blankest]
	\begin{tcbitemize}[raster rows=2,
	raster columns=1,raster height=\tcbtextheight]
	\mysubfig[]{sub aaa} {aaa}
	\mysubfig[]{sub bbb}{bbb}
	\end{tcbitemize}
\mysubfig[raster multirow=2]{sub ccc}{ccc}
\end{tcbitemize}
}}%====================
\caption{Main caption}
\end{figure}
\end{document} 

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{subcaption}

\usepackage{mwe}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
  \centering
  \begin{minipage}[b]{.45\textwidth}
    \subcaptionbox{oben}[\linewidth]{%
      \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=5cm]{example-image-a}%
    }\linebreak[2]
    \subcaptionbox{unten}[\linewidth]{%
      \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=5cm]{example-image-b}%
    }%
    \caption{Das ist die Gesamtunterschrift}
  \end{minipage}\hfill
  \begin{minipage}[b]{.45\textwidth}
    \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=112mm]{example-image}%
    \caption{Das ist eine neue Abbildung}
  \end{minipage}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{subcaption}

\usepackage{mwe}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
  \centering
  \begin{minipage}[b]{.45\textwidth}
    \subcaptionbox{oben}[\linewidth]{%
      \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=5cm]{example-image-a}%
    }\linebreak[2]
    \subcaptionbox{unten}[\linewidth]{%
      \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=5cm]{example-image-b}%
    }%
  \end{minipage}\hfill
  \subcaptionbox{rechts}[.45\textwidth]{%
    \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=106.3mm]{example-image-c}%
  }
  \caption{Das ist die Gesamtunterschrift}
\end{figure}
\end{document}