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\documentclass[dvipsnames]{standalone} 
\usepackage{tikz} 
\tikzset{ 
  thermometer/.style={insert path={ 
    (280.0313,169.3125) .. controls (263.9888,169.3125) and (250.6461,179.3446) .. 
    (247.8125,192.5625) -- 
    (247.3438,563.7500) .. controls (235.7346,573.2243) and (228.3438,587.6282) .. 
    (228.3438,603.7813) .. controls (228.3438,632.3161) and (251.4651,655.4688) .. 
    (280.0000,655.4688) .. controls (308.5349,655.4688) and (331.6563,632.3161) .. 
    (331.6563,603.7813) .. controls (331.6563,587.6282) and (324.2654,573.2243) .. 
    (312.6563,563.7500) -- 
    (312.2500,192.5625) .. controls 
    (309.4164,179.3446) and (296.0737,169.3125) .. (280.0313,169.3125) -- cycle 
}}} 

\begin{document} 
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=0.5pt, x=0.5pt,yscale=-1,inner xsep=.5em] 

\foreach 
  [ 
    count=\i from -4, 
    evaluate=\x as \y using (560+190)/2-\i*(560-190)/8 
  ] 
  \text in {sehr kalt, kalt, kühl, leicht kühl, neutral, leicht warm, warm, heiß, sehr heiß} 
  { 
    \draw (210,\y)--(190,\y) node[left](\i-links){\i}; 
    \draw (350,\y)--(370,\y) node[right](\i-rechts){\text}; 
  } 

\path[draw=black,line width=2.5pt] 
  [thermometer] 
  [path picture={ 
    \fill [blue] (path picture bounding box.south west) rectangle (-4-rechts); 
    \fill [red] (4-links) rectangle (path picture bounding box.north east); 
    \clip (-4-links) rectangle (4-rechts); 
    \fill [top color=red,bottom color=blue,middle color=yellow] (-4-links) rectangle (4-rechts); 
  }] 
; 

\path[text=OrangeRed] 
  (0-links|-{0,140}) node {Index} 
  (0-rechts|-{0,140}) node {Thermisches Empfinden} 
; 

\end{tikzpicture} 
\end{document}

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{fourier}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
% Abstand vergrößert durch das Entfernen von inner sep und outer sep
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=0.5pt, x=0.5pt,yscale=-1]
\newcommand{\thermopath}{
  (280.0313,169.3125) .. controls (263.9888,169.3125) and (250.6461,179.3446) ..
  (247.8125,192.5625) --
  (247.3438,563.7500) .. controls (235.7346,573.2243) and (228.3438,587.6282) ..
  (228.3438,603.7813) .. controls (228.3438,632.3161) and (251.4651,655.4688) ..
  (280.0000,655.4688) .. controls (308.5349,655.4688) and (331.6563,632.3161) ..
  (331.6563,603.7813) .. controls (331.6563,587.6282) and (324.2654,573.2243) ..
  (312.6563,563.7500) --
  (312.2500,192.5625) .. controls
  (309.4164,179.3446) and (296.0737,169.3125) .. (280.0313,169.3125) -- cycle
 }
\path[miter limit=4,even odd rule,fill=gray!20]
    \thermopath;

%\newcommand{\tempincelsius}{55}
\begin{scope}
    \clip \thermopath;
    \fill[blue!90!yellow] (210,559) rectangle (350, 660);
    \fill[red!90!yellow] (210,165) rectangle (350, 191);
    \draw[draw=none, top color=red, bottom color=blue, middle color=yellow] (210,190) rectangle (350, 560);
\end{scope}

\path[draw=black,miter limit=4,even odd rule,line width=2.5pt]
    \thermopath;

\foreach \y/\x in {190/4,
                   236.25/3,
                   282.5/2,
                   328.75/1,
                   375/0,
                   421/-1,
                   467.5/-2,
                   513.75/-3,
                   560/-4%
                   }
    {
    \draw (210,\y)--(190,\y) node[left](\x){$\x$};% Anpassung für die negativen Vorzeichen
    }
\foreach \u/\v in {190/sehr heiss,
                   236.25/heiss,
                   282.5/warm,
                   328.75/leicht warm,
                   375/neutral,
                   421/leicht kühl,
                   467.5/kühl,
                   513.75/kalt,
                   560/sehr kalt%
                   }
    {
    \draw (350,\u)--(370,\u) node[right](\v){\v};
    }

% Zusammenfassung der Optionen
\begin{scope}[xshift=-5em, OrangeRed]
\node at (260,140) {Index};
\node at (500,140) {Thermisches Empfinden};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\documentclass{standalone}
%\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{fourier}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=0.5pt, x=0.5pt,yscale=-1, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt]
\def\thermopath{
  (280.0313,169.3125) .. controls (263.9888,169.3125) and (250.6461,179.3446) ..
  (247.8125,192.5625) -- 
  (247.3438,563.7500) .. controls (235.7346,573.2243) and (228.3438,587.6282) ..
  (228.3438,603.7813) .. controls (228.3438,632.3161) and (251.4651,655.4688) ..
  (280.0000,655.4688) .. controls (308.5349,655.4688) and (331.6563,632.3161) ..
  (331.6563,603.7813) .. controls (331.6563,587.6282) and (324.2654,573.2243) ..
  (312.6563,563.7500) -- 
  (312.2500,192.5625) .. controls 
  (309.4164,179.3446) and (296.0737,169.3125) .. (280.0313,169.3125) -- cycle
 }
\path[miter limit=4,even odd rule,fill=gray!20]
    \thermopath;

\def\tempincelsius{55}
\begin{scope}
    \clip \thermopath;
    \fill[red] (210,{560- 3.7*\tempincelsius}) -- ++(140,0)
        -- (350, 690) -- (210, 690) -- cycle;
\end{scope}

\path[draw=black,miter limit=4,even odd rule,line width=2.5pt]
    \thermopath;
    
    

\foreach \y/\x in {190/4,
                   236.25/3,
                   282.5/2,
                   328.75/1,
                   375/0,
                   421/-1,
                   467.5/-2,
                   513.75/-3,
                   560/-4%
                   }
    {
    \draw (210,\y)--(190,\y) node[left](\x){\x};
    }
\foreach \u/\v in {190/sehr heiss,
                   236.25/heiss,
                   282.5/warm,
                   328.75/leicht warm,
                   375/neutral,
                   421/leicht kühl,
                   467.5/kühl,
                   513.75/kalt,
                   560/sehr kalt%
                   }
    {
    \draw (350,\u)--(370,\u) node[right](\v){\v};
    }


\draw node[xshift=-5em, OrangeRed] at (260,140) {Index};
\draw node[xshift=-5em, OrangeRed] at (500,140) {Thermisches Empfinden};
    

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}