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\documentclass[paper=a4,fontsize=11pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage[babel, german=quotes]{csquotes}
\usepackage{fontspec} 
\setmainfont{Times New Roman}
\newfontfamily\greekfont[Script=Greek, Scale=MatchUppercase, Ligatures=TeX]{Arial} 
\newcommand{\textgreek}[1]{\bgroup\greekfont\emph{#1}\egroup} % Please note, that Arial is not set in italics, notwithstanding the \emph{...} 
\newfontfamily\hebfont[Script=Hebrew, Scale=MatchUppercase, Ligatures=TeX]{NewPeninimMT} 
\newcommand{\textheb}[1]{\bgroup\luatextextdir TRT\hebfont #1\egroup}
 
\begin{document}
\titlehead{}
\title{}
\date{}
\author{}
\maketitle

\section{Notwendig}
\textheb{עִבְ} Hebrew.

\end{document}

! Package inputenc Error: Unicode char \u8:ätz not set up for use with LaTeX.

See the inputenc package documentation for explanation.
Type  H <return>  for immediate help.
 ...                                              
                                                  
l.17 \section
             {Notwendig}
?

% !TEX TS-program = lualatexmk
\documentclass[11pt, a4paper]{scrartcl}

\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont{Times New Roman}

\newfontfamily\greekfont[Script=Greek, Scale=MatchUppercase, Ligatures=TeX]{Arial}
\newcommand{\textgreek}[1]{\bgroup\greekfont\emph{#1}\egroup} % Please note, that Arial is not set in italics, notwithstanding the \emph{...}

\newfontfamily\hebfont[Script=Hebrew, Scale=MatchUppercase, Ligatures=TeX]{NewPeninimMT}
\newcommand{\textheb}[1]{\bgroup\luatextextdir TRT\hebfont #1\egroup}

\begin{document}

This is \textgreek{γέγ} Greek. And this is \textheb{עִבְ} Hebrew.

\end{document}

! LaTeX Error: \l@chapter undefined.

See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type  H <return>  for immediate help.
 ...                                              
                                                  
l.418       \fi}}}}

\documentclass[paper=a4,fontsize=11pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,hebrew]{babel}
\usepackage[babel, german=quotes]{csquotes}

\begin{document}
\titlehead{}
\date{}
\author{}
\maketitle

\section{}
בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית

\end{document}