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\draw[->, shorten >=10pt] (at-ii) -- (adh);

\documentclass[ngerman]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{tikz-cd}
\usetikzlibrary{babel}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzcd}[
	row sep=small,
	column sep=small,
	math mode=false,
	arrow style=tikz,
	>=stealth,
	labels={font=\footnotesize}
]
& \parbox{.16\linewidth}{\raggedright\footnotesize Freisetzung von Renin}\arrow[d] & \\
Angiotensinogen \arrow [rr] & {}                             & Angiotensin I\arrow[dd,"ACE"]\\
& \footnotesize ACE-Hemmer\arrow[r,bend left]            & {}\\
	                          &                              & Angiotensin II
	\arrow[dll,"Sartane" description]
	\arrow[dl]
	\arrow[d]
	\arrow[dr]
	\\
	\parbox{.2\linewidth}{\raggedright Engstellung der Blutgefäße}  & ADH & Durst & \parbox{.18\linewidth}{\raggedright Aldosteron"-ausschüttung} \\
\end{tikzcd}

\end{document}

\documentclass[11pt,border=2pt]{standalone} 
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} 
\usepackage{selinput} 
\SelectInputMappings{ 
   adieresis={ä}, 
   germandbls={ß} 
} 
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel} 
\usepackage{tikz} 
\usetikzlibrary{matrix} 

\begin{document} 
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,font=\small]
\matrix[
  matrix of nodes,
  nodes={align=left},
  row sep=2cm,
  column sep=1cm,
](m){
  && Angiotensin I&[-1cm] \\
  && Angiotensin II \\
  |[text width=2.5cm]|Engstellung der Blutgefäße & ADH & Durst 
      & |[text width=2.5cm]|Ausschüttung von Aldosteron\\
};
  % Node oben links mit Pfeil und Beschriftung
  \draw[->](m-3-1|-m-1-3) node[anchor=east]{Angiotensinogen}
    --node[above]{Freisetzung von Renin }(m-1-3);
  % weitere Pfeile und Beschriftungen
  \path 
    (m-2-3) 
      edge[<-] node[right](ace){ACE} node[left=1cm](ace-h){ACE-Hemmer} (m-1-3)
      edge[->]node[above,sloped]{Sartane} (m-3-1) 
      {foreach \i in {2,...,4} {edge[->] (m-3-\i)}}
  ;
  % gebogener Pfeil
  \draw[->,shorten >=5pt] (ace-h) to[bend left] (ace);
\end{tikzpicture} 
\end{document} 

\documentclass[11pt,border=2pt]{standalone} 
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{selinput}
\SelectInputMappings{
  adieresis={ä},
  germandbls={ß}
}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\begin{document} 
  \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth]
    \node (at) at (0,0) {Angiotensinogen};
    \node[right=5cm of at] (at-i) {Angiotensin I};
    \draw[->] (at) -- (at-i) node[midway,above,font=\small] {Freisetzung von Renin};
    \node[below=3cm of at-i] (at-ii) {Angiotensin II};
    \draw[<-] (at-ii) -- (at-i) node[name=ace,midway,right,font=\small] {ACE};
    \node[left=1cm of ace,font=\small] (ace-h) {ACE"=Hemmer};
    \draw[->,shorten >=3pt] (ace-h) to[bend left] (ace);
    \node[below left=2cm and 3cm of at-ii,text width=3cm] (eng) {Engstellung der Blutgefäße};
    \node[below left=2cm and 1cm of at-ii] (adh) {ADH};
    \node[below=2cm of at-ii] (durst) {Durst};
    \node[below right=2cm and 1cm of at-ii,text width=3cm] (aldo) {Ausschüttung von Aldosteron};
    \draw[<-] (eng) -- (at-ii) node[midway,above,sloped,font=\small] {Sartane};
    \draw[->] (at-ii) -- (adh);
    \draw[->] (at-ii) -- (durst);
    \draw[->] (at-ii) -- (aldo);
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[arrow, matrix, curve]{xy}

\begin{document}



\begin{xy}
  \xymatrix @=1cm {
      & Freisetzung~von~Renin \ar[d]  & & & & & &\\
      Angiotensinogen \ar[rr]   & &  Angiotensin~I \ar[dd]^{ACE} & & & &\\
      & ACE-Hemmer \ar[r] & & & & & &\\
      & & Angiotensin~II \ar[lldd] \ar[ldd] \ar[dd] \ar[rdd] & & & & &\\
      Sartane \ar[r] & & & & & & &\\
      Engstellung~der~Blutgefaesse &ADH &Durst &Aldosteronausschuettung & &\\
      & & & & & & & &
  }
\end{xy}


\end{document}