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\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage[nomessages]{fp}
\newcommand{\maxnum}{0.6}
\newlength{\maxlen}

\newcommand{\databar}[2][green!25]{%
  \settowidth{\maxlen}{\maxnum}%
  \addtolength{\maxlen}{\tabcolsep}%
  \FPeval\result{round(#2/\maxnum:4)}%
  \rlap{\color{green!25}\hspace*{-.5\tabcolsep}\rule[-.05\ht\strutbox]{\result\maxlen}{.95\ht\strutbox}}%
  \makebox[\dimexpr\maxlen-\tabcolsep][r]{#2}%
}

\newcommand{\maxnumneg}{-0.6}

\newcommand{\databarneg}[2][red!25]{%
  \settowidth{\maxlen}{\maxnumneg}%
  \addtolength{\maxlen}{\tabcolsep}%
  \FPeval\result{round(#2/\maxnumneg:4)}%
  \rlap{\color{red!25}\hspace*{-.5\tabcolsep}\rule[-.05\ht\strutbox]{\result\maxlen}{.95\ht\strutbox}}%
  \makebox[\dimexpr\maxlen-\tabcolsep][r]{#2}%
}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[!htb]
\centering
\small

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline 
\multicolumn{6}{|c|}{}\tabularnewline
\hline 
x \textbackslash{} y & 40 & 50 & 60 & 70 & 80\tabularnewline
\hline 
6.51 & \databar{0.53} & \databar{0.48} & \databar{0.43} & \databar{0.39} & \databar{0.34}\tabularnewline
\hline 
7.00 & \databar{0.35} & \databar{0.31} & \databar{0.26} & \databar{0.21} & \databar{0.17}\tabularnewline
\hline 
7.50 & \databar{0.20} & \databar{0.15} & \databar{0.11} & \databar{0.06} & \databar{0.01}\tabularnewline
\hline 
8.00 & \databar{0.08} & \databar{0.04} & \databarneg{-0.01} & \databarneg{-0.06} & \databarneg{-0.11}\tabularnewline
\hline 
8.50 & \databar{0.00} & \databarneg{-0.05} & \databarneg{-0.09} & \databarneg{-0.14} & \databarneg{-0.19}\tabularnewline
\hline 
9.00 & \databarneg{-0.03} & \databarneg{-0.07} & \databarneg{-0.12} & \databarneg{-0.17} & \databarneg{-0.22}\tabularnewline
\hline 
9.50 & \databar{0.02} & \databarneg{-0.03} & \databarneg{-0.08} & \databarneg{-0.12} & \databarneg{-0.17}\tabularnewline
\hline 
10.00 & \databar{0.12} & \databar{0.07} & \databar{0.02} & \databarneg{-0.02} & \databarneg{-0.07}\tabularnewline
\hline 
10.50 & \databar{0.26} & \databar{0.21} & \databar{0.16} & \databar{0.12} & \databar{0.07}\tabularnewline
\hline 
11.00 & \databar{0.41} & \databar{0.36} & \databar{0.31} & \databar{0.27} & \databar{0.22}\tabularnewline
\hline 
11.50 & \databar{0.56} & \databar{0.51} & \databar{0.46} & \databar{0.41} & \databar{0.37}\tabularnewline
\hline 
12.00 & \databar{0.69} & \databar{0.64} & \databar{0.60} & \databar{0.55} & \databar{0.50}\tabularnewline
\hline 
\end{tabular}
\label{gam_diabetologe}
\end{table}
\end{document}

\end{document}