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\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} 
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} 
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel} 
\usepackage{lmodern} 
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} 
\usepackage{pgfplots} 

\pgfplotsset{ 
     xlabel near ticks, 
     ylabel near ticks 
} 
\begin{document} 
\begin{tikzpicture} 
   \begin{axis} 
   [ 
     height=10cm, 
     width=12cm, 
     enlargelimits=0.05, 
     legend style={ 
       at={(0.5,-0.2)}, 
       anchor=north, 
       legend columns=-1 
     }, 
     ymin=-20, 
     ymax=30, 
     x tick label style={/pgf/number format/1000 sep=}, 
     x tick label style={rotate=45,anchor=east}, 
     ylabel={X,Y,Z in kN MX,MY,MZ in kN/m}, 
     ybar,% statt ybar interval=5, 
     ytick={-20,-10,...,30}, 
     ylabel style={rotate=-90, at={(0,1)},inner sep=1pt},% neben Ecke oben links
      symbolic x coords={X,Y,Z,MX,MY,MZ},% <- ergänzt 
     enlarge x limits={abs=25pt},% <- ergänzt 
     bar width=8,
     ybar=0pt
   ] 
     \addplot coordinates { %TP1.02  
    (X,5.495) 
    (Y,0.278) 
    (Z,-1.686) 
    (MX,-0.259) 
    (MY,-6.11) 
    (MZ,-0.16) 
     }; 
     \addplot coordinates { %TP1.03     
        (X,26.618) 
        (Y,5.252) 
        (Z,9.998) 
        (MX,12.455) 
        (MY,14.831) 
        (MZ,-17.319) 
     }; 
     \addplot coordinates { %TP1.09  
      (X,13.213) 
      (Y,   0.007) 
      (Z,3.594) 
      (MX,-0.011) 
      (MY,3.856) 
      (MZ,-0.026) 
     }; 
     \addplot coordinates { %TP1.10  
        (X,28.349) 
        (Y,   -4.235) 
        (Z,7.511) 
        (MX,-12.248) 
        (MY,15.522) 
        (MZ,22.576) 
         }; 
     \legend{TP1.02,TP1.03,TP1.09,TP1.10} 
\end{axis} 
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}