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\documentclass[tikz, border=5pt]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, shapes.geometric}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
	nodes={align=center},
	node distance=0em,
	thick,
	border/.style={
		draw=#1,
		diamond,
		outer sep=0pt,
		minimum size=7em
	},
	border/.default=black,
	borderless/.style={border=none}
]
\node [border]     (1)                     {$S^1,S^4,B^4$};

\node [border]     (2)  [above left=of 1]  {$S^4$};
\node [border]     (3)  [above right=of 1] {};

\node [border]     (4)  [above left=of 2]  {$S^4$};
\node [border]     (5)  [above=of 1]       {};
\node [border]     (6)  [above right=of 3] {$S^3,S^4,B^4$};

\node [borderless] (7)  [above left=of 4]  {$A^1$};
\node [borderless] (8)  [above left=of 5]  {$C^2$};
\node [borderless] (9)  [above right=of 5] {$A^3,C^3$};
\node [borderless] (10) [above right=of 6] {$A^4$};

\node              (11) [above=of 7]       {$a$};
\node              (12) [above=of 8]       {$b$};
\node              (13) [above=of 9]       {$c$};
\node              (14) [above=of 10]      {$d$};

\draw (7.south) -- (7.west);
\foreach \nodenumber in {7,...,10}
	\draw (\nodenumber.west) -- (\nodenumber.west|-\nodenumber.north);
\draw (10.south) -- (10.east) -- (10.east|-10.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\documentclass[tikz, border=5pt]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
	rotate=135,
	every label/.append style={text depth=+0pt},
	label position=center
]
\foreach \jRow[count=\jCount from 1, remember=\mCount] in {%
	0,%
	{15750,0},%
	{7875,2625,0},%
	{9375,4375,750,0},%  
	{11875,7125,2500,1000,$A^1{,}B^1$},%
	{15125,10500,5375,3500,5000,$C^1$},%
	{15125,10500,5375,3500,5000,,$A^1$}%
} {
	\foreach \mCell[count=\mCount from 1, remember=\mCount] in \jRow {
		\node[
			diamond,
			minimum size=1.414cm+0.4\pgflinewidth,
			draw,
			every cell/.try,
			row \jCount/.try,
			column \mCount/.try,
			cell \jCount-\mCount/.try,
			label={\mCell},% \pgfmathprintnumber entfernt
			alias=@lastnode,
			alias=@lastrow-\mCount
		] at (\mCount-.5,\jCount-.5) {};
	}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

%\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}


\documentclass[10pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,intersections}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    rotate=135,
    every label/.append style={text depth=+0pt},
    label position=center,
   % every cell/.style={fill=gray!25},
   % column 3/.style={fill=red!25},
   % row 5/.style={fill=green!25},
   % cell 2-2/.style={fill=gray},
   % cell 3-2/.style={fill=gray!50},
    ]
\foreach \jRow[count=\jCount from 1, remember=\mCount] in {%
        0,%
        {15750,0},%
        {7875,2625,0},%
        {9375,4375,750,0},%  
        {11875,7125,2500,1000,$A^{1}B^{1}$},%
        {15125,10500,5375,3500,5000,$C^{1}$},%
        {15125,10500,5375,3500,5000,0,$A^{1}$}%
    } {
    \foreach \mCell[count=\mCount from 1, remember=\mCount] in \jRow {
        \node[
            diamond,
            minimum size=1.414cm+0.4\pgflinewidth,
            draw,
            every cell/.try,
            row \jCount/.try,
            column \mCount/.try,
            cell \jCount-\mCount/.try,
            label={\pgfmathprintnumber{\mCell}},
            alias=@lastnode,
            alias=@lastrow-\mCount
        ] at (\mCount-.5,\jCount-.5) {};
        \ifnum\mCount=1
            %\path [late options={name=@lastnode, label=above left:$\jCount$}];
        \fi
    }
       % \path [late options={name=@lastnode, label=above:$a_\jCount$}];
    }
  %  \foreach \mCountExtra in {1,...,\mCount}
   %     \path [late options={name=@lastrow-\mCountExtra, label=above right:$\mCountExtra$}];
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}